Studies on neuronal tracing with pseudorabies virus / 病毒学报

With its abilities of trans-synaptic tracing and self-replication and wide host range, pseudorabies virus (PRV) has been applied in the field of neuroanatomy since the 1970s. Four decades of PRV application have made many advances in researches on neuronal tracing with PRV. Mechanism studies focused on investigating infection of primary neurons and tracing direction in secondary neurons, while application studies focused on development of new pathological strains and innovation of tracing techniques. To date, the mechanism and application of viral tracing are not completely figured out yet. Integration of molecular biology technology will improve the efficiency in related researches.

A review of porcine torovirus research: etiology and epidemiology / 病毒学报

Porcine Torovirus (PToV) is widely distributed in the world with high prevalence rate in swinery. Due to the high detection rate in diarrhea pigs, PToV is thought to be a potential pathogen of swine diarrhea. In recent years, epidemic outbreaks of diarrhea with high morbidity and mortality in China have caused great economic losses. Intertypic recombination events and antigenic cross-reactivity among toroviruses implies potential zoonotic transmission of PToV. The review represented the development history of PToV and made a brief summary of the features in genome and protein epidemiology and laboratory diagnosis of the PToV, and so on.

Research advances in the characteristics and detection of Kobuviruses / 病毒学报

In the present work, we reviewed the discovery, epidemiology, molecular biology and detection of Kobuvirus. Future fields of research were also discussed.

Effects of electroacupuncture at "Zusanli" (ST 36) and "Neiguan" (PC 6) on expression of GAP-43 in cerebral infarction rats / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effect of electroacupuncture on the neural plasticity in rats with cerebral infarction and investigate its mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty rats were randomly divided into a sham operation group, an acupuncture group and a non-acupuncture group, and each group was randomly divided into a 1-day subgroup, a 7-day subgroup and a 14-day subgroup. Cerebral infarction model was induced by the thread embolism method. The rats in the acupuncture group were treated by electroacupuncture at "Zusanli" (ST 36) and "Neiguan" (PC 6) for 20 minutes, once each day, while the rats in the sham operation group and the non-acupuncture group were just bound and fixed at the same time without acupuncture treatment. Neurological defects were assessed by Neurological Severity Score (NSS) and the changes of the expression of growth associated protein 43 (GAP-43) in peripheral nerve around cerebral infarction area were detected by immunohistochemistry technique.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The expression of the positive cells of GAP-43 around cerebral infarction area showed no significant distinction among the three groups at 1st day (P > 0.05), while the GAP-43 expression level of around cerebral infarction area in the acupuncture group (IOD:8. 990 1 +/- 0.098 7, 5.816 1 +/- 0.204 6) were significant higher than those in the sham operation group (IOD: 1.300 2 +/- 0.093 3, 1.362 6 +/- 0.216 6) and in the non-acupuncture group (IOD: 2.753 4 +/- 0.0875, 1.616 5 +/- 0.186 8) at 7th day and 14th day, respectively (all P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Electroacupuncture at "Zusanli" (ST 36) and "Neiguan" (PC 6) can improve the neural function and promote its remodeling in rats with cerebral infarction and the relevant mechanisms may be involved in enhancement of GAP-43 expressions around ischemic region.</p>

The changes of peripheral blood leucocytes subpopulation after challenge with CSFV virulent strain Shimen / 病毒学报

To investigate the effects of classical swine fever virus (CSFV) virulent strain Shimen (SM) infection on piglets peripheral blood leucocytes, the 60-days weanling piglets were infected with the shinen strain and the peripheral blood samples of the piglets were collected to analyze the kinetics of the CSEV nucleic acid, the peripheral blood leucocytes subpopulation and SLA molecule expression on the peripheral blood leukocytes. The results showed that the piglets rectal temperature increased 48 hours after intramuscular injection of CSFV SM strain, the CSFV nucleic acid was detected in the peripheral blood at 2DPI, the content of CSFV nucleic acid increased and up-regulated to a peak at 6DPI as 10 (4.84 +/- 0.98 times as 2DPI. The amount of WBC, LYM and PLT significantly decreased, where in the amount of WBC decreased to 65.87% at 1DPI and 50% at 2DPI respectively; the amount of LYM decreased to 70.68%, 47.88% and 23.29% at 1DPI, 2DPI, and 3DPI, respectively; the amount of PLT decreased day by day and to 34.59% at 6DPI; the amount of NK, gammadeltaT, Tc, Th, CD3+ CD4+ CD8+ and CD3- CD4- CD8- cells decreased after infection; 78.49% of NK cells decreased at 1DPI and then there was no significant change from 2DPI to 6DPI. The amount of gammadeltaT, Tc, CD4- CD8- CD3-,CD4+ CD8+ CD3+ cells decreased to 41.74%, 43.83%, 15.87%, and 32.96% at 3DPI, respectively, However, the amount of T helper cells decreased continually to 42.95% at 6DPI; the amount of SLA I positive lymphocytes decreased significantly and the amount of SLA I positive CD3 cells decreased to 23.07% and 15.38% at 1DPI and 2DPI respectively; the SLA I positive granulocytes increased continually from 92.20% at 1DPI to 98.30% at 3DPI; the amount of CD3 SLA II + cells in lymphocytes decreased from 1.38% at 1DPI to 0.22% at 2DPI, while the SLA II + granulocytes increased continually to a peak at 3DPI and 53.76% of granulocytes expressed the SLA II molecule, but the percentage of the granulocytes expressing SLA II molecules decreased to 12.54% and 4.06% at 4DPI and 5DPI respectively. The study indicated that the CSFV SM strain infection could escape the immune surveillance and cause immunosuppression through inhibiting the host's innate antiviral immunity and the SLA molecule expression to affect the antigen presentation.